ISOGEOCHEM Digest 386
Topics covered in this issue include:
1) carbon isotopes in thermal springs - Reply
by "ROSEN, MICHAEL" <[log in to unmask]>
2) kfs-separation
by [log in to unmask] (Karen Ziegler)
3) Re: carbon isotopes in thermal springs
by [log in to unmask] (Penelope Cooke)
4) Email address of P. Le Fort, C.N.R.S. (France)
by "MR.PROSENIJIT GHOSH" <[log in to unmask]>
5) Re: kfs-separation
by Steve Nelson <[log in to unmask]>
6) On Line Furnaces
by Michael Cheatham <[log in to unmask]>
7) Re: On Line Furnaces
by Henry Schwarcz <[log in to unmask]>
8) Re: On Line Furnaces
by [log in to unmask] (Stephen S. Howe)
9) Re: On Line Furnaces
by [log in to unmask] (Haraldur R. Karlsson)
10) Re: On Line Furnaces
by Henry Schwarcz <[log in to unmask]>
11) Re: On Line Furnaces
by [log in to unmask] (glen martin)
12) Tube Crackers
by Jose Carriquiry <[log in to unmask]>
13) Re: Tube Crackers
by [log in to unmask] (Andrea Lini)
14) Re: Tube Crackers
by Mike Verkouteren <[log in to unmask]>
15) On line furnaces
by Jerry Pulchan <[log in to unmask]>
16) Re: Tube Crackers
by [log in to unmask] (Stephen S. Howe)
17) Re: On Line Furnaces
by [log in to unmask]
(See attached file: FILE.TXT)
Dear isogeochemers,
I am about to separate kfs-OVERGROWTH from Cambrian and Ordovician samples
from the Appalachian Basin for isotopic analyses ... and I have some
questions:
1. For heavy liquid separation from the other minerals, mainly qtz
and plag, I'd like to have the appropriate density beads to make up and
control the heavy liquids. Our old set of density beads in incomplete,
and we cannot find any address of any supplier or so. We have searched in
all catalogues and the net. Our old set is from "Rayners", made in Great
Britain. Does anybody know of any supplier of density beads ? Or do you
have any of them sitting around in your lab and you don't need them any
more ??? We need beads between 2.2 and 3.0.
2. I've been reading about the general mineral separation procedures,
and the overgrowth techniques in particular, - some people use the sodium
pyrosulfate fusion to get rid of all moneral BUT qtz and fsp, wheras some
others don't. However, I cannot find any quote or reference about the
temperature at which this fusion should take place. I read/was told
different things:
(a) that I have to go to temp. of > 800 deg C, because only then SO3
forms from the reagent, and the SO3 then can react withm and destroy
minerals such as mica;
(b) that temps of around 300 deg C are sufficient, i.e. high enough to
make the salt crystals melt;
(c) that I shouldn't even think of thinking about using this thechnique
if I'm after the kfs-overgrowth;
Some say to never use temperatures higher than 50 deg C during the whole
procedure of separation, in order to not affect the del18O value of the
kfs - whereas others go to temperatures of several hundreds of deg C.
And I also was told that temps up to 300 deg C would not affect the del18O
value of ksf, ...
.... so - I'm confused, and I'd like to ask for your help. Any advise,
comments, experiences, ideas, references, etc. pp. ... are VERY
WELCOME!!!!!!
THANKs very much,
Karen
***********************************************************************
Dr. Karen Ziegler tel/main office: (++)519-661-3187
Lab. for Stable Isotope Studies tel/lab: (++)519-661-3881
Dept. of Earth Sciences fax: (++)519-661-3198
University of Western Ontario e-mail: [log in to unmask]
LONDON, Ontario
Canada N6A 5B7
Home: 415-251 Platts Lane
LONDON, Ontario
Canada N6H 4P4
tel: (++)519-673-5322
Isotope greetings from New Zealand
In reply to this, Chris Hendy here at Waikato suggests:
What you are proposing to do is standard practice with
geothermal geochemists and forms an important part of their exploration
strategy. I suggest that you contact Graeme Lyon at the Institute of
Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. His e-mail
addrress is "[log in to unmask]"
I hope this helps
Penny
Penelope Cooke
Department of Earth Sciences
University of Waikato
Hamilton
New Zealand
Can any one give me the Email address of Prof.P.Le Fort, C.N.R.S.(France).
I need to contact him urgently.If email is not avaliable Fax number will
solve my job.
P.Ghosh
[log in to unmask]
Karen, you might try going into your dept. mineral collection and get a
ksp and plag crystal large enough to cut/grind into cubes several mm on
a side. Then I would keep them in a plastic bottle [500 ml?] with
tetrabromoethane or bromoform. Acetone/heavy liquid can be added in
small quantities until one cube sinks and the other floats. Quick and
easy.
*********************************
Steve Nelson
Dept. of Geology
673 WIDB
Brigham Young University
Provo, UT 80602
801-378-8688 voice
801-378-8143 FAX
"Intel Inside" is a warning label
**********************************
Dear Readers,
I need to build one (to maybe four) small tube furnaces to be used
on a vacuum extraction line. They will/should be movable, up and down,
either held with talon clamps or on lab jacks. I need to reach and
accurately maintain 550°C with
them in order to drive water from phosphate samples prior to torching
off the evacuated tubes. The tubes will be 6 mm OD Qtz. Any suggestions on
whether to go with a heated metal block, if so how do I heat it (i.e., what
kind of heating element should be used, and how should it be powered)? Or
should I use a mullite tube with a heating element wrapped around it, and
again, what type of heating element do you suggest. We would also like to
be able to vary the temperatures on these furnaces, in addition 550°C, to
sometimes run them at 200°C, other times run them at 380°C
TIA
Mike
******************************************************************************
Michael M. Cheatham
312 Heroy Geology Laboratory Phone (315)-443-1261
Syracuse University Fax (315)-443-3363
Syracuse, NY 13244
email:[log in to unmask]
http://www.geochemistry.syr.edu/cheatham/Cheatham.HTML
http://www.geochemistry.syr.edu/cheatham/InstrPages.html
******************************************************************************
We found that you can buy wire-wound ceramic resistors on hollow cores
which work very well as tube heaters. They are extremely cheap (a few
bucks a shot) and easily go up to 600 oC.
We used 100 watt, 25 ohm resistors. They eventually burn out because the
glassy insulation melts and they short. Wrapping them in asbestos tape
or cement lengthens the life somewhat.
They cost about $10 each.
Henry
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prof. Henry Schwarcz Tel: (905)525 9140 x24186
University Professor
Dept. of Geology Fax: (905)522 3141
McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1 email: [log in to unmask]
Canada
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mike:
I can describe to you tube furnaces based on a design I used at the USGS
and improved upon when I was at the University of Vermont. The furnaces
were designed to be used either for off-line combustion of sulfide and
sulfate minerals, or in the heating of nickel reaction vessels of a
conventional silicate fluorination line. They may be used horizontally or
vertically and the temperature may be varied from ambient to 1200°C. They
are are probably larger and more expensive than the ones Henry Schwarcz
describes, but they should last longer. E-mail me directly if interested.
Steve
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stephen S. Howe Office: (518) 442-5053
Dept. of Earth & Atmos. Sciences Stable Isotope Lab: (518) 442-4471
Earth Science 352B FAX: (518) 442-5825
University at Albany E-mail: [log in to unmask]
1400 Washington Avenue http://www.albany.edu/geosciences/sshowe.html
Albany, NY 12222-0001
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
>We found that you can buy wire-wound ceramic resistors on hollow cores
>which work very well as tube heaters. They are extremely cheap (a few
>bucks a shot) and easily go up to 600 oC.
>
>We used 100 watt, 25 ohm resistors. They eventually burn out because the
>glassy insulation melts and they short. Wrapping them in asbestos tape
>or cement lengthens the life somewhat.
>
>They cost about $10 each.
>
> Henry
>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>Prof. Henry Schwarcz Tel: (905)525 9140 x24186
>University Professor
>Dept. of Geology Fax: (905)522 3141
>McMaster University
>Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1 email: [log in to unmask]
>Canada
>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Henry,
That sounds like a good idea - where do you get these?
Hal
Dr. Haraldur R. Karlsson
Associate Professor
Department of Geosciences
and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (Joint)
Mailing Address:
Department of Geosciences
Box 1053,Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TX 79409
USA
Phones - (806)-742-3130 Office
(806)-742-3112 Stable Isotope Laboratory
Fax - (806)-742-0100
world-wide-web: http://www.ttu.edu/~geosc/
They're from Ohmite, and we get them from our local electronics
distributor (Electrosnic in Toronto).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prof. Henry Schwarcz Tel: (905)525 9140 x24186
University Professor
Dept. of Geology Fax: (905)522 3141
McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1 email: [log in to unmask]
Canada
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regarding tube furnaces,
We have been using nichrome wire and an autotransformer, e.g. a variac
to heat up to red heat for the last seven years. Our heating units are
still functioning and none have been replaced up to this point in
time. I believe the wire size we use is 0.0253 in O.D., but I don't
know the resistance/foot of wire. I think it is 1.2 ohms/foot.
G.Martin, Water Sciences Lab, 103 NRH, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln,NE
68583-0844
[log in to unmask]
(402)472-8210 phone
" " 9599 FAX
Dear Isogeochemers,
I am interested in building, or buying, tube crackers for admitting
purified gases (produced off line) into the mass spectrometer. I was told
that they are not sold as single units (i.e., one item in a catalog), but
that I have to build them using different parts from possibly different
catalogs. Could any user provide me with some information regarding the
relevant catalogs and the parts needed to assemble it?. Also, a technical
paper in the subject would be helpful. I will greatly appreciate any help
Thanks!
Jose Carriquiry
PLEASE NOTE: NEW USA ADDRESS!
,,,
(o o)
------------------------------oOO--(_)--OOo--------------------------------
** **
** **
** Dr. Jose D. Carriquiry . **
** Research Scientist . USA Mailing Address: **
** Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanologicas . 344 Pomona, Suite #099 **
** Universidad Autonoma de Baja California . Coronado, CA 92118 **
** Apartado Postal # 453, C.P. 22,830 . USA **
** Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico . **
** . **
** Tel +(617)44601, ext 123 . **
** Fax +(617)45303 . **
** E-Mail: [log in to unmask] . **
**.......................................................................**
Jose,
Here are three papers describing tube crackers in detail:
D.J. DesMarais and J.M. Hayes, 1976, Tube cracker for opening glass-sealed
ampoules under vacuum, Analytical Chemistry, 48, 1651-1652
D. Coleman, Tube cracker for opening samples sealed in glass tubes, 1981,
Analytical Chemistry, 53, 1963-1965
W.E. Caldwell, J.D. Odom, and D.F. Williams, 1983, Glass-sample-Tube
breaker, Analytical Chemistry, 55, 1175-1176
Cheers,
Andrea
================================================================
| Dr. Andrea Lini | Stable Isotope Laboratory |
| Department of Geology | Phone: (802) 656 02 45 |
| University of Vermont | Fax: (802) 656 00 45 |
| Burlington, VT 05405 | E-mail:[log in to unmask] |
| U.S.A. | ISOGEOCHEM list-owner |
================================================================
| ISOGEOCHEM URL: http://beluga.uvm.edu/geowww/isogeochem.html |
================================================================
(See attached file: FILE.2)
Mike, I have designed and assembled furnaces for combustion of sulfate and
sulfides. The heating element was wound on a piece of hollow ceramic pipe
(both purchased from Pottery Supply House, Oakville, Ontario - for a few
bucks), which was secured in a steel housing (insulated), made from steel
pipes of different diameters (another few bucks). For 550 degrees,
aluminium pipes may be fine - they are much easier to machine and probably
cheaper. The entire assembly rests on a lab jack for vertical positioning.
Please feel free to contact me directly by e-mail for more details. Good
luck. Jerry Pulchan.
Hi Jose!
I use a tube cracker that is a combination of the Coleman (1981) and
Caldwell et al. (1983) designs (see references previously mentioned by
Andrea Lini). I buy glass ball-and-socket joints from Kontes and have them
make some minor modifications (although any glassblower could do it too).
I have the end of 18/7 ball joint sealed, and a 3-mm-thick, 10-mm-diameter
fritted glass disk inserted in the 18/9 socket joint. The tube cracker
accepts 6-mm O.D. glass tubes that are about 170 mm long. The
ball-and-socket joint is greased with Apiezon L and secured with a pinch
clamp. The open end of the socket joint is attached to the mass
spectrometer inlet with an Ultra-torr Cajon connector rather than an Ace
Thread connector.
E-mail me directly if you are still interested in dimensions and Kontes
part numbers.
Steve
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stephen S. Howe Office: (518) 442-5053
Dept. of Earth & Atmos. Sciences Stable Isotope Lab: (518) 442-4471
Earth Science 352B FAX: (518) 442-5825
University at Albany E-mail: [log in to unmask]
1400 Washington Avenue http://www.albany.edu/geosciences/sshowe.html
Albany, NY 12222-0001
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mike and others interested:
I've had many years of reliable service with tube furnaces
purchased from Leco. These are interfaced with inexpensive temperature
controllers for step-wise heating experiments. They make a long one and a
short one. The part
numbers are #507-700 (2"wide x 10"long, 7'16" I.D.) and #507-200 (2"wide x
5" long, 1/2" I.D.); Leco Corp., 3000 Lakeview Ave, St. Joseph, MI 49085
USA. 616-
983-5533.
Rick Socki
NASA-LESC, Mail Code C-23
2400 Nasa Rd.
Houston, TX USA
281-483-9932 [log in to unmask]
_______________________________________________________________________________
Subject: On Line Furnaces
Author: [log in to unmask]
Date: 4/11/97 11:02 AM
Dear Readers,
I need to build one (to maybe four) small tube furnaces to be used
on a vacuum extraction line. They will/should be movable, up and down,
either held with talon clamps or on lab jacks. I need to reach and
accurately maintain 550=B0C with
them in order to drive water from phosphate samples prior to torching
off the evacuated tubes. The tubes will be 6 mm OD Qtz. Any suggestions on
whether to go with a heated metal block, if so how do I heat it (i.e., what
kind of heating element should be used, and how should it be powered)? Or
should I use a mullite tube with a heating element wrapped around it, and
again, what type of heating element do you suggest. We would also like to
be able to vary the temperatures on these furnaces, in addition 550=B0C, to
sometimes run them at 200=B0C, other times run them at 380=B0C
TIA
Mike
****************************************************************************=
**
Michael M. Cheatham
312 Heroy Geology Laboratory Phone (315)-443-1261
Syracuse University Fax (315)-443-3363
Syracuse, NY 13244
email:[log in to unmask]
http://www.geochemistry.syr.edu/cheatham/Cheatham.HTML
http://www.geochemistry.syr.edu/cheatham/InstrPages.html
****************************************************************************=
**=00=00
FailureReason: Router: Unable to open mailbox file YMLNG5 mail.box: Remote syste
responding
IntendedRecipient: Mark Peters
>From: Robert Michener (isogeochem)
>To: [log in to unmask]
>Date: Friday 11 April, 1997 7:38 am
>Subject: carbon isotopes in thermal springs
>
>There's a possibility I may get involved in a project characterizing
>thermal springs. We're planning on measuring DIC, carbon and oxygen
>isotopes of precipitated minerals, and possibly the organic carbon of
>deposited calcite.
>
>Has anyone ever done any work in this type of system and have any advice
>(pitfalls, method problems, references)? It seems pretty straightforward,
>but I thought I'd ask the group!
Dear Robert
We have just collected (in late Feb) water and calcite sinter samples from
Waikite Hot Springs on the central North Island of New Zealand. Sampling of
the water is fairly straight forward. Although we are using a method of weighing
all of the bottles and reagents before and after sampling to get a good idea of
DIC. We aren't measuring organic carbon so I can't help on that one. As long
as the springs aren't boiling normal sampling procedures can be followed.
Unfortunately we haven't gotten any results back yet so I can't say how
successful we have been. Our research is to determine if the calcite is forming
in isotopic equilbrium with the spring waters or if there are kinetic or biological
effects from microbes in the calcite. The research is in collaboration with Brian
Jones (Univ Alberta) and Robin Renaut (Univ Saskatchewan).
Michael Rosen
Dr. Michael R.Rosen ph: 64-7-374-8211
Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences fax: 64-7-374-8199
Wairakei Research Centre
Private Bag 2000, Taupo, New Zealand
============================================
email: [log in to unmask]
============================================
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