Hi Bob, for the capillary from the acid reservoir to the pump and the pump head itself: put everything in hot water. The water will dissolve the acid crystals. You can also replace the steel capillary from the reservoir to the pump in case it is clogged (not so expensive; or try the procedure described below for the acid needle). For the acid needle (quite expensive) we used the following: We filled hot water into a sample vial and closed the vial with a septa cap. We gently forced the end of the capillary which is connected to the pump through the septa into the water (not the end with the needle; but the needle end may also work). I also pushed a needle from a disposable syringe through the septa and connected this needle to a compressed air outlet. We just pressed the plastic end of the needle and the airgun together but you can also try to build a more sophisticated connection with some Swagelok parts from your drawer. The air pressure in the vial will force the water into the capillary and the acid out of the needle at the other end. This can take a few minutes, so be patient. To visualize the flow of acid out of the needle tip we put the needle into a second vial filled with water. You can see the acid coming out as a thin "band". I never thought about the high pressure in the vial and if this can cause a burst of the vial...so you better make sure to wear some safety goggles and do things in a fume hood with a pane. When the pump is out out of work for a few weeks or even months make sure to flush everything with water before you switch of the pump. For a re-start pump (1) water than (2) dissolved phosphoric acid (which less viscous (about 85%, we just mixed the real stuff with some water), and finally the (3) real viscous acid (thank to Gerry for this tip!). We also experimented with a heating band around the pump head but this was not a real enhancement. In case the pump is not used for a few days make sure to run the pump manually regularly (at least twice a week) At this point make also sure to remove or replace the rubber septa on top of the acid reservoir if there is still one. The rubber starts to decompose by the acid vapor and little pieces can drop into your acid and can be transfered into the pump head (quite a mess...). hope this helps, Robert -- Dr. Robert van Geldern Section 3: Geochronology and Isotope Hydrology Leibniz Institute for Applied Geosciences (GGA-Institute) GEOZENTRUM HANNOVER Stilleweg 2 30655 Hannover, Germany mailto:[log in to unmask]