David, I would scrub the vessels with a brush (preferably copper) to remove excess fluoride coatings, remove dust with a vacuum cleaner (or dump it out), then run them as blanks with reagent only, heating them for at least 12 hours. Monitor your residual gas yield at LN2 temperatures after the heating period. For good vessels there should be little or no residual pressure. Repeat the blank run (not the scrub-out) if this is not the case. Some vessels may take a number of runs like this before the residual pressure approaches background values. Then run some in-house mineral standard. Greetings, Torsten. ------------------------------------ Torsten W. Vennemann Institute for Geochemistry University of Tuebingen Wilhelmstr. 56 72074 Tuebingen Germany Tel: (0)7071 29 74992 Fax: (0)7071 29 6870 ----------------------------------