Hi, David: The inhomogeneity of one of our working standards, a mixture of D2O and tap water, initiated the discussion last year. The isotope value was fluctuating by +-3 per mil (the expected value is +34 per mil) although that water had stayed in a refrigerator at 4 degree C for about five years. I hope this information is helpful. Dachun Zhang Stable Isotope Lab Global Geochemistry Corp.