In reply to some of Paul Brook's questions, the CE elemental analysers come with a larger O2 loop as you can then control the actual volume injected using the "Oxygen inject STOP" setting, or at least this is the case on our NA1500. When we were using ordinary grade oxygen instead of pure grade, I was able to measure the volume injected at various inject times by measuring the peak due to the nitrogen impurity. For our 10ml loop I got: 40s = 10ml, 20s = 9.4ml, 10s = 6.6ml, 8s = 4.8ml and 6s = 3.7ml. (rough measurements from chart paper with a ruler). So to do this yourself all you need is the cheap oxygen and then to measure the size of the nitrogen blank. Hope this is of help. Robert Van Hale (Graduate Student) Chemistry Department University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand Ph (+64)(03)479 7908 Fax (+64)(03)479 7906 [log in to unmask]