Surely Mandi is right that the reasons for suspicion of "Western" medicine in Africa are diverse, with the actual misdeeds of "official" medical people not the principal reason. My wife (Natalie Zemon Davis, whom some of you on this list know but who doesn't usually intervene in these exchanges) highly recommends a book giving real live evidence for the complexity of the matter: Luise White's "Speaking with Vampires." Rumors of atrocities by "Western" doctors have circulated for a very long time, for a variety of reasons, and some of them are less plausible than Qaddafi's about the Bulgarians. Chandler